How do I set up an "intent" in my Android Manifest file so that I can create links from emails to my Android app?

How do I set up an "intent" in my Android Manifest file so that I can
create links from emails to my Android app?

I have been killing myself trying to figure out how to launch an Android
app from a link in an email, but the information is disperse and buried in
a lot of other contexts that are beyond me. I have looked at the Google
Developer Guide on the topic, and at similar questions here on Stack
Overflow.
Here is my specific situation: I have made an Android app using Adobe
Phonegap Build. This means the app is fundamentally built using HTML and
Javascript, and I do not know much of anything about native Android
programming (which I think is a variant of Java, but I could be wrong
about that.) This is part of why I am not understanding the information
being presented. In most contexts, it's assumed the reader is working from
within the native development environment and is conversant in all the
relevant terminology.
What I want to do is be able to include a link in an email that is sent to
a user's device, and then that user can click on the link and it will open
my app.
What I have learned so far is that one needs to set something called an
"intent" which, if I get the idea correctly, is just some XML parameters
that go inside the AndroidManifest.xml file. Once one has done that, one
can set create a link that will go to the app.
I do have the ability to manipulate my AndroidManifest.xml file, so if I
just had a clearer idea of what I put in it, I could probably do this.
This answer offers some example code for how to do that, but then says one
needs the "<data> element filled out", and I don't know what that means,
so that leaves me lost as to where this code goes, or what else needs to
be "filled".
At this point, what I am falling down on is:
What exactly is the code that I include in the AndroidManifest.xml file?
(Assuming my app is called "myapp")
What exactly is the syntax for the link that goes in the email?
If someone could be explicit about how to set this up, and be
understanding that I am coming from a beginner's position on this, that
would be great.